Intellectual Property Policy Framework in Cooperative Research and Development Projects

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran.

2 Faculty member, Department of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Science Policy Department, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran

4 Faculty Member, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

5 Faculty Member, Faculty of Management and Economy, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The expansion of research partnerships between industry, government and university has resulted in some challenges about intellectual property due to different participants with diverse natures, interests and motivations. Especially in the case of publicly funded projects, existence of a framework for intellectual property policy becomes doubly important. In this research, we attempt to design a framework for intellectual property policy in such projects using grounded theory method. For this purpose, we reviewed related scientific sources and conducted interviews with experts with relevant knowledge and experience to obtain theoretical saturation. The proposed framework has four main dimensions: "contextual factors", "objectives and expected outcomes", "policy process" and "policy content", 13 factors and 42 components. Based on the results, to adopt an appropriate intellectual property policy for collaborative research, the characteristics and conditions of the project and its stakeholders as contextual factors and the expected consequences in the short, medium and long term, should be considered. Depending on the characteristics and nature of the project and its stakeholders, different consequences are expected from the policy. Also, the development, implementation and evaluation of this policy are affected by contextual factors and its expected consequences and can affect the content of the policy.

Keywords

References

Arthur, J. F., & Hodge, R. M. (2013). A model for managing intellectual property, commercialisation and technology transfer within a collaborative research environment. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 7(12), 3142-3145. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1089579
Bader, M. A. (2006), Intellectual property management in R&D collaborations. Physica-Verlag Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7908-1703-1
Bansi, R., & Reddy, K. (2015), Intellectual property from publicly financed research and intellectual property registration by universities: A case study of a university in South Africa. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 185-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.880
Blaikie, N. (2000). Designing social research: The logic of anticipation (H. Chavoshian, Trans.) [In Persian]. Ney Publication. (2014).
Borges, P. A., Araújo, L. P., Larisse, A. L., Grace, F. G., & Talita, S. C. (2020). The triple helix model and intellectual property: The case of the University of Brasilia. World Patent Information, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2019.101945
Camarinha-Matos, L. M., & Afsarmanesh, H. (2001). A systematic approach to IPR definition in cooperative projects. In L.M. Camarinha-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh, & R. J. Rabelo (Eds.) E-business and virtual enterprises (pp. 465-476). IFIP — The International Federation for Information Processing (Vl. 56). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35399-9_52
Chesbrough, H. W. (2006). Open business models: How to thrive in the new innovation landscape. Harvard Business School Press.
Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., Bakici, T., & Lopez, H. (2011). Open innovation and public policy in Europe. ESADE Business School & the Science -Business Innovation Board AISBL. https://sciencebusiness.net/sites/default/files/archive/Assets/27d0282a-3275-4f02-8a3c-b93c2815208c.pdf
Danaeefard, H., Alvani, S. M., & Azar, A. (2008). Qualitative research methodology in management: Acomprehensive approach [In Persian]. Saffar.
Egelie, K. J., Lie, H. T., Grimpe, C., & Sørheim, R. (2018). Public funding of collaborative research and the access to research results [Conference presentation]. DRUID18 Conference, Frederiksberg, Denmark. https://conference.druid.dk/acc_papers/ h6kiu5ovkpkhvzwgrizj3i4o3ygxwq.pdf
European Commission. (2002). Expert group report on role and strategic use of IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) in international research collaborations. http://ip-unilink.old.ogpi.ua.es/public_documents/Role%20and%20Strategic%20Use%20of%20IPR%20in%20International%20Research%20Collaborations.pdf  
European commission. (2013). Public-private partnerships in horizon 2020: A powerful tool to deliver on innovation and growth in Europe, Brussels, 10.7.2013, COM (2013) 494 final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52013DC0494&from=EN
European Union. (2015). Intellectual property management in open innovation [Fact sheet]. European IPR Helpdesk. http://www.innovation.public.lu/en/brochures-rapports/i/ipm-open-innovation/ipm-open-innovation.pdf
Fini, R., Rasmussen, E., Siegel, D., & Wiklund, J. (2018). Rethinking the commercialization of public science: From entrepreneurial outcomes to societal impacts. Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(1), 4–20. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2017.0206
French Institute of Industrial Property. (2013). Collaborative innovation and intellectual property: Best practices. French institute of industrial property (INpI). https://www.inpi.fr/sites/default/files/inpi_opi_collaborative_innovation_0.pdf
Fukuda, K., & Watanabe, C. (2012). Innovation ecosystem for sustainable development. In C. Ghenai (Ed.), Sustainable development (pp. 389-404). IntechOpen. http://doi.org/10.5772/26626
Garbad, P. J. P. (2014). Management of innovation in networks and alliances [Doctoral dissertation, Wageningen University]. https://edepot.wur.nl/287266
Geisler, E., & Rubenstein, A. H. (1989). University—industry relations: A review of major issues. In: A. N. Link & G. Tassey (eds), Cooperative research and development: The industry—university—government relationship (pp. 43-62). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2522-9_3.
Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity: Advances in the methodology of grounded theory. The Sociology Press.
Gorbatyuk, A., Van Overwalle, G., & Zimmeren E. (2016), Intellectual property ownership in coupled open innovation processes. International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 47(3), 262–302. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-016-0461-1
Hall, B. H., Link, A. N., & Scott, J. T. (2001). Barriers inhibiting industry from partnering with universities: Evidence from the advanced technology program. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 26, 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007888312792
Hanebuth, A., & Klossek, A. (2011). IP management in the triple helix context: Evidence from a German research project [Conference presentation]. Triple Helix 9th International Conference.  Stanford University.  https://www.leydesdorff.net/th9/IP%20management%20in%20THC_subtheme%201.1.pdf
Hertzfeld, H. R., Link, A. N., & Vonortas, N. S. (2006). Intellectual property protection mechanisms in research partnerships. Research Policy, 35(6), 825–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.006
Holgersson, M.; Granstrand, O.; Bogers, M.; (2018); The evolution of intellectual property strategy in innovation ecosystems: Uncovering complementary and substitute appropriability regimes, Long Range Planning, 51(2), 303-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.08.007
Jelinek, M. (2006). Industry–university intellectual property dynamics as a multy-level phenomenon. In F. J. Yammarino & F. Dansereau (Eds.) Multi-Level Issues in Social Systems (Vol. 5, pp. 259-299). Emerlad Publishing Limited.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1475-9144(06)05014-4
Johnson, W. H. A., & Johnston, D. A. (2004). Organisational knowledge creating processes and the performance of university-industry collaborative R&D projects. International Journal of Technology Management. 27(1), 93–114. http://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2004.003883
Lee, N., Nystén-Haarala, S. & Huhtilainen, L. (2010). Interfacing intellectual property rights and open innovation [Research Report No. 225]. Lappeenranta University of Technology, Department of Industrial Management. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/wipo_ipr_ge_11/wipo_ipr_ge_11_topic6.pdf
Leten, B., Vanhaverbeke, W., Roijakkers, N., Clerix, A., & Van Helleputte, J. (2013). IP models to orchestrate innovation ecosystems: IMEC, a public research institute in nano-electronics. California Management Review, 55(4), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2013.55.4.51
Liu, S., & Yu, X. (2014). Intellectual property regulation and management in the Sino-US collaboration on CCS technology. Energy Procedia, 63, 6671–6679. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.701
Liyanage, S., & Mitchell, H. (1995). Management of intellectual property rights in Australian Cooperative Research Centres. International Journal of Technology Management, 10(2/3). https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJTM.1995.025631
Mahoney, R.T., & Krattiger, A. (2007). Agreements: A review of essential tools of IP management. In A. Krattiger, R.T. Mahoney, L. Nelsen, J. A. Thomson, A. B. Bennett, K. Satyanaraya, G. D. Graff, C. Fernandez & S. Kowalski (Eds.), Intellectual property management in health and agricultural innovation: A handbook of best practices. MIHR: Oxford.  http://www.iphandbook.org/handbook/resources/Agreements/links/Intellectual-Tangible%20 Property%20Agreements%20Overview.pdf
Molineaux, M., & Eisermann, K. (2004). ESA’s new intellectual property policy. Space Policy, 20(4), 253–257. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2004.08.007
Mwangi, P. (2015). Intellectual property rights protection of publicly financed research and development outcomes: Lessons Kenya can learn from the United States of America and South Africa [Master’s thesis, University of Cape Town]. https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/15213
Okamuro, H., & Nishimura, N. (2013). Impact of university intellectual property policy on the performance of university-industry research collaboration. Journal of Technology Transfer; 38, 273–301. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-012-9253-z
O'Kane, C., Zhang, J. A., Cunningham, J. A., & Dooley, L. (2020). Value capture mechanisms in publicly funded research. Industrial Marketing Management, 90, 400–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.08.006
Olaisen, J., & Revang, O. (2017). The dynamics of intellectual property rights for trust, knowledge sharing and innovation in project teams. International Journal of Information Management, 37(6), 583–589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.05.012
Omidvar, O. (2013). Collaboration for research and development: Understanding absorptive capacity and learning in R&D consortia across phases, levels, and boundaries [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Manchester]. https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:205354
Saghravani, S., Mortazavi, S., Lagzian, M., & Rahimnia, F. (2014).  Forcing theory on data or emerging theory from data Theory building in humanities using grounded theory methodology [In Persian]. Foundations of education, 4(1), 151-170. https://dx.doi.org/10.22067/fe.v4i1.32079
Sinnewe, E., Charles, M. B., & Keast, R. (2016). Australia’s cooperative research centre program: A transaction cost theory perspective. Research Policy. 45(1), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.09.005
Stevens, H., Van Overwalle, G., Van Looy, B. & Huys, I. (2016). Intellectual property policies in early-phase research in public–private partnerships. Nature Biotechnology, 34, 504–510. http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3562
Vonortas, N. S., & Spivack, R. N. (2006). Managing large research partnerships: Examples from the advanced technology program’s information infrastructure for healthcare program. Technovation, 26(10), 1101–1110. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.08.011
Voss, T., Paranjpe, A. S., Cook, T. G., & Garrison, N. D. W. (2017). A short introduction to intellectual property rights. Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 20(2), 116-120. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tvir.2017.04.007
World Intellectual Property Organization. (2004). WIPO intelectual property handbook. WIPO. http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/intproperty/489/wipo_pub_489.pdf
Yang, Z., Shi, Y., & Li, Y. (2018). Analysis of intellectual property cooperation behavior and its simulation under two types of scenarios using evolutionary game theory. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 125, 739-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2018.02.040
Young, B., Hewitt-Dundas, N., & Roper S. (2008). Intellectual Property management in publicly funded R&D centres—A comparison of university-based and company-based research centres. Technovation, 28(8), 473–484. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2008.02.004
Yuan, X., & Li, X., (2018). The combination of different open innovations: a longitudinal case study. Chinese Management Studies, 13(2), 342-362. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-02-2018-0410
Journal of Technology Development Management
Volume 9, Issue 3
December 2021
Pages 99-135

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 May 2021
  • Revise Date: 31 October 2021
  • Accept Date: 27 November 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics