چارچوب سیاستی فرارسی فناورانه در واحدهای صنعتی مناطق کمتر برخوردار در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

عضو هیئت علمی، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران.

چکیده

توسعه فناوری در مناطق کمتربرخوردار خصوصاً در واحدهای صنعتی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. یکی از مسائلی که مناطق کمتربرخوردار با آن مواجه هستند، عدم‌امکان مواجهه با تغییرات فناوری و جبران عقب‌ماندگی‌های موجود است. براین‌اساس در کشور نیز برنامه‌های مختلفی جهت جبران عقب‌ماندگی‌های مذکور در 20 سال اخیر انجام شده است، اما اکثر این برنامه‌ها با شکست مواجه شده‌اند. بدین‌جهت ضرورت دارد تا با نگاهی علمی چارچوبی سیاستی جهت فرارسی فناورانه واحدهای صنعتی در مناطق کمتربرخوردار پیشنهاد شود. طبق آمار معاونت علمی و فناوری ریاست­ جمهوری و صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی، 12 استان کمتر‌برخوردار کشور (کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، ایلام، هرمزگان، اردبیل، لرستان، آذربایجان غربی، کردستان، چهارمحال و بختیاری، خراسان شمالی، خراسان جنوبی، سیستان و بلوچستان و زنجان) کمتر از 10% از شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان و کمتر از 8% از جذب منابع مالی صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی را به ­خود اختصاص داده‌اند. الگوی روش‌شناسی در پژوهش حاضر، مطالعه موردی تک­ نمونه‌ای کل‌نگر است؛ براین‌اساس 12 استان مذکور به‌عنوان یک کلان‌مورد درنظر گرفته شدند. براساس یافته‌ها، 5 گونه سیاستی (جهت‌دهی منابع، ساختار نهادی و قانونی، بازار، تأمین مالی و جریان یادگیری و دانشی) و 15 سیاست کلیدی شناسایی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Policy Framework for Technological Catch-up of Industrial Firms in Less Developed Regions of Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Reza Naghizadeh
Faculty member, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The development of technology in the less developed regions especially for industrial units is important. One of the
Technological development in the manufacturing is an important factor for the development of the less developed regions. One of the challenges to which these regions are now facing is inability to accept the technological change and to catch up with the developed regions. In the last 20 years, there were many programs to help these regions to catch up, yet, most of them has been failed. This paper aims to propose a policy framework for the technological catch up of the manufacturing sector. The seleceted research method is macro-case study by which 12 provinces are examined. Based on the results of this study, five types of policies (resource orientation, institutional and legal structure, market, financing and learning and technical knowledge flow) and fifteen key policies have been identified under policy framework.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Policy Framework
  • Technological Catch-up
  • Less Developed Regions
Asheim, B. (2019). Smart Specialisation, innovation policy and regional innovation systems: What about new path development in less innovative regions?. Innovation: European Journal of Social Science Research, 32(1), 8–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2018.1491001
Bell, M., & Figuieredo, P. N. (2012). Building innovative capabilities in latecomer firms: Some key issues. In E. Amann, & J. Cantwell (Eds.), Innovative firms in emerging market countries (pp. 24-100). Oxford Scholarship. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646005.003.0002
Crescenzi, R., Luca, D., & Milio, S. (2016). The geography of the economic crisis in Europe: National macroeconomic conditions, regional structural factors and short-term economic performance. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 9, 13–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsv031
Eisenhardt, K. (1989). Building theories from case study research. The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550. https://doi.org/10.2307/258557
Elahi, S., Naghizadeh, R., Ghazinoori, S. S., Manteghi, M. (2012). The identification of mainstreams of regional innovation development by co-word analysis methodology [In Persian]. Journal of Improvement Management, 6(3), 136-158. http://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42796.html?lang=en
European Commission (2012). Guide to research and innovation strategies for smart specializations (RIS3). Publications Office of the European Union. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e634b432-a969-4814-9f2b-bbe3042ca86f/language-en
European Commission (2017). Competitiveness in low-income and low-growth regions. The lagging regions report. Europeean Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/information/publications/reports/2017/competitiveness-in-low-income-and-low-growth-regions-the-lagging-regions-report
Fagerberg, J. (1987). A technology gap approach to why growth rates differ. Research Policy, 16(2-4), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(87)90025-4
Farajirad, K., Kazemian, G., & Eftekhari, R. (2013). Pathology of regional development policies in Iran: An institutional approach [In Persian]. Management and Development Process Quarterly, 26(2), 27-58. http://jmdp.ir/article-1-1733-en.html
Ghazinoory, S, Riahi, P., Azar, A., & Miremadi, T. (2014). Measuring innovation performance of developing regions: Learning and catch-up in provinces of Iran. Technological and Economic Development of Economy20(3), 507-533. https://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2014.881433
Hobday, M. (1994). Export‐led technology development in the four dragons: The case of electronics. Development and Change, 25(2), 333-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1994.tb00518.x
Innovation and Prosperity Fund (2021). The performance report of Innovation and Prosperity Fund (2013-2021) [In Persian]. Innovation and Prosperity Fund. https://www.inif.ir/full-published/-/asset_publisher/VIlJwyUwYHN0/content/id/791645
Kim, L. (1997). Imitation to innovation: The dynamics of Korea’s technological learning. Harvard Business School Press.
Lall, S. (1987). Learning to industrialize: The acquisition of technological capability by India. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18798-0
Lall, S. (1992). Technological capabilities and industrialization. World Development, 20(2), 165-86.
Lee, K., & Lim, C. (2001). Technological regimes, catching-up and leapfrogging: The findings from Korean industries. Research Policy, 30(3), 459–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00088-3
Lee, K. (2005). Making a technological catchup: Barriers and opportunities. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 13(2), 97-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2005.9668610
Lee, K. (2013). Schumpeterian analysis of economic catch-up: Knowledge, path-creation, and the middle-income trap. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107337244
Lee, K., & Malerba, F. (2017). Catch-up cycles and changes in industrial leadership: Windows of opportunity and responses of firms and countries in the evolution of sectoral systems. Research Policy, 46(2), 338-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.09.006
Lin, Y., & Rajah, R. (2014). Human capital flows in Taiwan’s technological catch up in integrated circuit manufacturing. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44(1), 64-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2013.801167
Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour, and Social Welfare. (2019). Management summary of Takapoo Reports for Provinces. Retrieved from https://karafarini.mcls.gov.ir/fa/kholasemodiriyati  
Naghizadeh, R., Elahi, S., & Manteghi, M. (2016). The framework of technological innovation development in the regions of Iran; the case study of bio, nano, aero and ICT [in Persian]. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 9(1), 43-59. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1395.9.1.5.7
Naghizade, R. (2017). The pattern of cooperation between small knowledge-based firms and industrial and economic firms; by guaranteed-buys method [In Persian]. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 10(2), 67-81. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1396.10.2.6.7
Naghizadeh, R., Heydari, J., & Meysami, A. M. (2019). The pattern of effective factors on the stable growth of new technology-based firms in Iran [In Persian]. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 10(4), 77-89.  http://jstp.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13021.html
Naghizadeh, R., Hajari, M., & Rahman Khasmakhi, Z. (2019). The effective factors of policy pattern of tax support from knowledge based activities [In Persian]. Journal of Technology Development Management, 7(2), 161-194. https://doi.org/10.22104/jtdm.2019.3432.2190
Naghizade, R., Namdarian, L. (2019). The suppotive policies for new technology-based firms (NTBF's) [In Persian]. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 12(2), 285-296. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1398.12.2.19.4
Naghizadeh, R. (2019). A policy framework for the challenges of implementing regional higher education management in Iran [In Persian]. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 25(3), 99-122. https://journal.irphe.ac.ir/article-1-4027-en.html
Naghizadeh, R., Allahy, S., & Ranga, M. (2021). A model for NTBF creation in less developed regions based on the Smart Specialisation concept: The case of regions in Iran. Regional Studies55(3), 441-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2020.1736539
Ranga, M. (2018). Smart Specialization as a strategy to develop early-stage regional innovation systems. European Planning Studies, 26(11), 2125–2146. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1530149
Safdari Ranjbar, M., Alizadeh, P., & Elyasi, M. (2020). Analyzing the legal capacity for supporting technological learning and catch-up in Iran: a comparative study with successful international experiences. Journal of Improvement Management, 14(3), 49-74. https://doi.org/10.22034/jmi.2020.117987
Souzanchi Kashani, E., & Safdari Ranjbar, M. (2019). The role of technology and innovation policy in boosting technological catch-up [In Persian]. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 12(2), 455-467. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080840.1398.12.2.30.5
Statistical Center of Iran. (2019). Key indicators of Iran [data set]. Retrieved from https://nnt.sci.org.ir/sites/Apps/yearbook/Lists/year_book_req/Item/newifs.aspx
Szirmai, A. (2008). Explaining success and failure in development. United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). https://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/wppdf/2008/wp2008-013.pdf
Vice-Presidency for Science and Technology. (2021). Statistics of Knowledge-based firms [data set]. Retrieved from https://pub.daneshbonyan.ir/
Wong, P. (1999, June 9-12). National innovation systems for rapid technological catch-up: An analytical framework and a comparative analysis of Korea, Taiwan and Singapore [Paper presentation]. DRUID Summer Conference on National Innovation Systems, Industrial Dynamics and Innovation Policy, Rebild, Denmark. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.585.3223&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Yin, R.K. (2003). Case study research, design and methods. Sage Publications.
Yin, R.K. (2012). Applications of case study research. Sage Publications.