تحلیل سازوکارهای سرریز محلی دانش و بررسی پویایی آن‌ها از منظر جغرافیای اقتصادی تکاملی (مورد مطالعه: خوشه تجهیزات نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی خوزستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت، اقتصاد و مهندسی پیشرفت، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران.

2 گروه مهندسی پیشرفت اقتصادی ، دانشکده مهندسی پیشرفت ، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران ، تهران ، ایران

3 عضو هیئت علمی، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران.

چکیده

در مطالعات جغرافیای اقتصادی تکاملی و نوآوری، سرریز محلی دانش به‌عنوان پدیده ای منطقه ­ای مفهوم ­سازی شده است، اما سازوکارهایی که دانش از طریق آن‌ها در بین بنگاه­های منطقه منتقل می­شود، کمتر مورد­توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی پویایی و ویژگی های ساختاری شبکه های چندگانه­ سرریزهای دانشی بین بنگاه­ها در خوشه صنعتی مورد­مطالعه است. در این پژوهش رویکرد تحلیل شبکه های اجتماعی توصیفی برای مصورسازی و بررسی ساختار تعاملات در سه شبکه دانشی مجزا اما مکمل، درون خوشه صنعتی تجهیزات نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی خوزستان مورد­استفاده قرار گرفته ­است. به علت وجود داده های اندک درخصوص فعالیت­های نوآورانه بنگاه­ها و همچنین تعاملات دانشی آن‌ها، داده های مورد­نیاز پژوهش توسط مصاحبه و همچنین با­استفاده از پرسشنامه جمع آوری شده ­است و درادامه با­ استفاده از تحلیل شبکه های اجتماعی، بررسی ویژگی­های ساختاری تعاملات در سه شبکه دانشی منطقه در دستور­کار قرار گرفته است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می ­دهد که همجواری جغرافیایی و اجتماعی بنگاه­های درون منطقه سبب شکل گیری تعاملات دانشی مختلف بین بنگاه­ها شده است. همچنین از­میان سازوکار­های پایش و رصد، جابجایی نیروی کار و همکاری­، شبکه تعاملات همکارانه بیشترین تراکم را در سطح خوشه دارا می‌باشد. براین‌اساس شبکه همکاری­ به علت تراکم بالاتر و تعداد اندک بنگاه­های منزوی از بیشترین ظرفیت برای نقش‌آفرینی در جایگاه مسیر سرریز دانش برخوردار می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Mechanisms of Local Knowledge Spillovers and Their Dynamics from the Perspective of Evolutionary Economic Geography (Case Study Khuzestan Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Equipment Cluster)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Safora Allahy 1
  • Saeed Shavvalpour 2
  • Naser Bagheri Moghaddam 3
  • Reza Naghizadeh 3
1 PhD Student in Science and Technology Policy, School of Management, Economics, and Progress Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 Faculty Member, School of Management, Economics, and Progress Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
3 Faculty Member, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In the evolutionary economic geography and innovation studies, local knowledge spillovers have been conceptualized as a regional phenomena, but the mechanisms through which knowledge is transferred between firms in the region have received less attention.This study aims to investigate the dynamics and structural features of multiple networks of knowledge spillovers in the studied industrial cluster. A descriptive Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach has been used to illustrate and examine the structure of interactions in three separate but complementary knowledge networks within Khuzestan Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical Equipment Cluster. Due to the lack of data on firms innovation activities and knowledge interactions within the region, the necessary data was collected through interview and questionnaire and then using the SNA, the structural features of interactions in the three knowledge networks in the region have been studied. The results show that the firms geographical and social proximity in the region has led to the formation of various knowledge interactions between the firms. Further, among the monitoring, labor mobility, and cooperation mechanisms, the network of collaborative interactions has the highest density at the cluster level. Accordingly, the collaboration network has the greatest potential to function as a knowledge spillover channel due to its higher density and the small number of isolated firms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mechanisms of Knowledge Spillovers
  • Knowledge Networks
  • Proximity
  • Descriptive Social Network Analysis

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مدیریت توسعه فناوری
دوره 8، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 93-121

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 بهمن 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 مهر 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 آذر 1399

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