نقش نوآوری باز در توسعه فناوری شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان، مورد مطالعه: مرکز رشد سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت‌علمی، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری‌های نوین، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران.

2 پژوهشگر پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری‌های نوین، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران.

3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت صنعتی، دانشگاه دانش البرز، تهران.

چکیده

امروزه بکارگیری نوآوری در شرکت‌ها به عنوان عامل توسعه فناوری موضوعی است که اهمیت آن را دوچندان می‌کند. در این پژوهش نقش نوآوری باز در توسعه فناوری شرکت‌های‌دانش‌بنیان مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار می‌گیرد. مطالعات میدانی این پژوهش در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان مرکز رشد سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران انجام شده‌است. این تحقیق از نوع کاربردی، به روش توصیفی – غیرآزمایشی و با رویکرد کیفی است. مطالعات میدانی و گردآوری داده‌های این پژوهش توسط پرسشنامه و مصاحبه از نوآوران، کارآفرینان و متخصصین صورت گرفته‌است. در نهایت پاسخ‌های استخراج شده دسته‌بندی و تحلیل شده‌اند. نتایج پژوهش رویکرد شرکت‌ها را نسبت به نوآوری باز و بسته تحلیل می‌کند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد نوآوری باز یکی از عواملی است که در توسعه و ارتقای فناوری نقش‌آفرینی داشته و در عواملی نظیر، رقابت‌پذیری، بقاء، انعطاف در برابر تغییرات و کاهش هزینه‌های مربوط به توسعه فناوری و ایده‌پردازی موثر است. همچنین، عواملی نظیر شبکه‌سازی، توانمندسازی نیروی انسانی، همکاری با شرکا و یا شرکت‌ها برای دستیابی به منابع جدید، توسعه مهارت‌های تیمی و بین‌المللی شدن فعالیت‌ها برخی عواملی است که در شرکت‌های مطالعه شده کمتر اهمیت داشته است. سایر عوامل و دلایل آن در بخش نتیجه‌گیری به همراه ارائه راه‌کارهای توسعه برای شرکت‌ها تحلیل و توصیف شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Open Innovation in Technology Development in Knowledge-Based Companies Case study: Incubator of Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Negar Armaghan 1
  • Homa Ghaed Sharafi 2
  • Sahar Agha Beigi 3
1 1. Faculty member, Department of Technology Development Studies (DTDS), Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
2 2. Researcher, Department of Technology Development Studies (DTDS), Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
3 M.Sc. Industrial Management, Danesh Alborz University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, the use of innovation as a technology development factor in companies is an important issue. Yet, it is critical to investigate which kind of innovation is more fit to integrate within the strategy of knowledge-based companies. The present study aims to investigate the role of open innovation in the technology development of knowledge-based companies. It chooses to analyze the strategy of the knowledge-based companies located in the Growth Center of the Iranian Research Organization for Science and technology as its case study. The selected methodology is a qualitative research based on questionnaires and interviews with innovators, entrepreneurs, and experts on their approach to open and closed innovations. The research was conducted in 2021. The findings show that open innovation is one of the factors that has played a role in the development and promotion of technology and has been effective in the emergence of factors such as competitiveness, survival, flexibility against changes, and reducing costs related to technology development and idea generation. Also, networking, human power empowerment, cooperation with companies to obtain new resources, development of team skills, and internationalization of activities are some of the factors that were less important in the studied companies. Finally, the development strategies of the companies are analyzed and described

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • innovation
  • start-up companies
  • incubators
  • science and technology park
Abbaszadeh, M. (2012). Validity and reliability in qualitative researches [In Persian]. Journal of Applied Sociology, 23(1), 19-34. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20085745.1391.23.1.2.5
Aghajanian, S., Tabaian, S., Radfar, R., & Seyed Hossieni, S. (2020). Designing a model for open innovation project management at market-based collaboration: A case study in information and communication technology sector [In Persian]. Journal of Technology Development Management, 8(3), 45-92. https://doi.org/10.22104/jtdm.2021.4114.2473
Ahmadi, A., Kazazi, A., Naghizadeh, M., & Amiri, M. (2019). A new framework for measurement and implementation of open innovation: A context-based approach [In Persian]. Journal of Technology Development Management, 7(2), 9-42. https://doi.org/10.22104/jtdm.2019.3107.2070.
Benezech, D. (2012). The open innovation model: Some issues regarding its internal consistency. Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 2(10), 145-165. https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.010.0145
Bhimani, H., Mention, A. L., & Barlatier, P. J. (2019). Social media and innovation: A systematic litretature review and future research directions. Technological Forcasting and Social Change, 144, 251-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.007
Borjooie Mojarad, S., & Hosseini, F. (2015). The impact of open innovation and business model innovation on the performance of knowledge-based companies [In Persian]. 1st Scientific Research Conference on New Finding of Management, Entrepreneurship and Education Sciences in Iran, Tehran, Iran. https://civilica.com/doc/413126
Brant, J., & Lohse, S. (2014). The open innovation model. International Chamber of Commerce. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2426097
Chabbouh, H., & Boujelbene, Y. (2020). Open innovation in SMEs: The mediating role between human capital and firm performance. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 31(2), 100391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2020.100391
Cheah S. L. Y., & Ho, Y. P. (2020). Effective industrial policy implementation for open innovation: The role of government resources and capabilities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 151, 119845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119845
Cheng, C. C., & Shiu, E. C. (2015). The inconvenient truth of the relationship between open innovation activities and innovation performance. Management Decision, 53(3), 625-647. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2014-0163
Chesbrough, H., & Crowther, A. K. (2006). Beyond high tech: Early adopters of open innovation in other industries. R&D Management, 36(3), 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00428.x
Chesbrough, H. (2003). Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Harvard Business School Press.
Dehghani Poudeh, H., Akhavan, P., & Hosseini Sarkhosh, S. (2013). Enhancing new product development success based on open innovation approach: A case study of a research organization [In Persian]. Innovation Management Journal, 2(2), 45-68. http://www.nowavari.ir/article_14633.html
Dufur, J., & Son E. (2015). Open Innovation in SMEs-towards firmalization of openness. Journal of Innovation Management, 3(3), 90-117. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_003.003_0008
Feyzi, K., Tabaian, S. K., & Khosropoor H., (2013). The role of open innovation approach on the acquisition of technological intelligence [In Persian]. Roshd -e- Fanavari, 9(3), 23-31. http://roshdefanavari.ir/en/Article/20052/FullText
Geum, Y., Kim, J., Son, C., & Park, Y. (2013). Develompent of dual technology roadmap (TRM) for open innovation: Structure and typology. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 30(3), 309-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2013.06.001
Hashemi Dehghi, Z. (2014). Open innovation and the necessity of its implementation in organizations [In Persian]. Journal of Industry and University, 7(3-4), 25-34. http://jiu.ir/en/Article/71/FullText
Huizingh, E. K. (2011). Open innovation: State of the art and future perspectives. Technovation, 31(1), 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2010.10.002
Hung, K., & Chou, C. (2013). The impact of open innovation on firm performance: The moderating effects of internal R&D and environmental turbulence. Technovation, 33(10-11), 368–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2013.06.006
Jami Pour, M., Jafari, S., & Najafi, N. (2020). The framework of the success factors of open innovation implementation using meta-synthesis approach [In Persian]. Journal of Technology Development Management, 8(2), 77-115. https://doi.org/10.22104/jtdm.2020.3592.2246
Lazzarotti, V., Manzini, R. (2009). Different Modes of Open Innovation: a theorecal framework and an empirical study, International Journal of Innovation Management, 13(04), 615-636. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919609002443
Lee S., Lee H., & Lee, C. (2020). Open Innovation at the national level: Towards a global innovation system. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 151, 119842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119842
Mazzola, E., Bruccoleri, M., & Perrone, G. (2012). The effect of inbound, outbound and coupled innovation on performance. International Journal of Innovation Management, 16(6), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919612400087
Pajohesh Jahromi, A. (2019). Taxonomy of Open Innovation [In Persian]. Rahyaft, 29(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.22034/rahyaft.2019.13748
Rao, S., & Perry C. (2003). Convergent interviewing to build a theory in under-researched areas: Principals and an example investigation of internet usage in interfirm relationship, Qualitative Marke Research: An International Journal, 6(4), 236-247. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750310495328
Rezapour Nasrabad, R. (2018). Criteria of validity and reliability in qualitative research [In Persian]. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 7(4), 493-499. https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90915.html
Safdari Ranjbar, M., Manteghi, M., & Tavakoli, G. R. (2014). Open Innovation; A comprehensive view on concepts, approaches, trends and key success factors [In Persian]. Roshd -e- Fanavari, 10(40), 1-10. http://www.roshdefanavari.ir/en/Article/20015
Schreiner, M., Kale, P., & Corsten, D. (2009). What really is alliance management capability and how does it impact alliance outcomes and success?. Strategic Management Journal, 30(13), 1395-1419. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.790
Sisodiya, S. R., Johnson, J. L., & Grégoire, Y. (2013). Inbound open innovation for enhanced performance: Enablers and opportunities. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(5), 836-849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.02.018
Slavec Gomezel, A., & Rangus, K. (2019). Open innovation: It starts with the leader’s openness. Innovation, 21(4), 533-551. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2019.1615376
Spender, J. C., Corvello, V., Grimaldi, M., & Rippa, P. (2017). Startups and open innovation: A review of the literature, European Journal of Innovation Management, 20(1), 4-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-12-2015-0131
Van de Vrande, V., de Jong, J. P. J., Vanhaverbeke, W., & de Rochemont, M. (2009). Open innovation in SMEs: Trends, motives and management challenges. Technovation, 29(6-7), 423–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2008.10.001
Won Park, Y., Amano, T., & Moon, G. (2012). Benchmarking open and cluster innovation: Case of Korea. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 19(4-5), 517 – 531