ارزیابی برنامه‌های ضمانت اعتبار شرکت‌های فناور نوپا در ایران و ارائه راهکارهای سیاستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی مدیریت تکنولوژی، گروه مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 عضو هیئت‌علمی، گروه مدیریت فناوری و کارآفرینی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران. استاد مدعو، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

3 عضو هیئت‌علمی، گروه مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

دسترسی پایدار و آسان شرکت‌های فناور نوپا به منابع مالی به ­واسطه نقش قابل‌توجه آن‌ها در توسعه اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد از میان اقدامات مداخله‌ای غیرمستقیم، برنامه‌های ضمانت اعتبار به‌دلیل نیاز به بودجه محدود و اثر اهرمی مناسب، بیشتر موردتوجه دولت‌ها برای تسهیل تأمین مالی بنگاه‌ها قرار گرفته‌اند. در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش مطالعه پیمایشی، بیش از 400 شرکت برای بررسی وضعیت برنامه‌های ضمانت اعتبار شرکت‌های فناور نوپا در ایران موردمطالعه قرار گرفتند. براساس نتایج پژوهش، نظام ارزیابی و اعتبارسنجی و تضامین و وثایق مهم‌ترین چالش­های بنگاه‌های مذکور در حوزه تأمین مالی می‌باشند. همچنین ضعف، کمبود و یا فقدان مواردی نظیر نظام ارزیابی و اعتبارسنجی، سهولت دسترسی به منابع مالی، تنوع در ابزارهای ضمانت، نهادهای واسط حوزه فناوری، تأمین تضامین و وثایق و مداخله و حمایت دولت به‌عنوان چالش‌های اصلی موفقیت برنامه‌های ضمانت اعتبار شرکت‌های فناور نوپا شناخته شدند. براین‌اساس بهبود سیاست‌های دولت، توسعه ابزار و مدل‌های ضمانت، ایجاد پایگاه متمرکز و قابل‌اعتماد داده‌های ریسک اعتباری و شبکه‌سازی برای تسهیل تعاملات به‌عنوان دلالت‌های سیاست‌گذاری استخراج و توصیه شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation the Credit Guarantee Programs for New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs) in Iran and providing Policy Solutions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Mahdi Faridvand 1
  • Mehdi Elyasi 2
  • Reza Radfar 3
1 1. Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Management & Economics, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 2. Faculty Member, Department of Technology & Entrepreneurship Management, Faculty of Management & Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Management & Economics, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran.
3 3. Faculty Member, Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Management & Economics, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The stable and easy access of New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs) to financial resources is of particular importance due to their significant role in the development of the knowledge-based economy. Surveys show that among the indirect intervention measures, credit guarantee programs have received more attention from governments to facilitate the financing of NTBFs due to the need for limited budget and appropriate leverage effect. In the current research, using the survey method, more than 400 companies were studied to check the status of credit guarantee programs of  NTBFs in Iran. Based on the results of the research, the evaluation and validation system and guarantees and collaterals are the most important challenges of the mentioned companies in the field of financing. Also, the weakness, lack or absence of evaluation and validation system, ease of access to financial resources, diversity in guarantee tools, intermediate institutions in the field of technology, provision of guarantees and collaterals and intervention and support of the government are recognized as the main challenges to the success of credit guarantee programs for NTBFs. Therefore, improvement of government policies, development of guarantee tools and models, creation of a centralized and reliable credit risk database and networking to facilitate interactions were extracted and recommended

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Guarantee Fund
  • New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs)
  • Innovation Financing
  • Credit Risk Database (CRD)
  • Survey Method

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مدیریت توسعه فناوری
دوره 10، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 61-92

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