شناسایی و وزن‌دهی چالش‌های تحقیق ‌و‌ توسعه باز در حوزه فناورهای نوظهور (مطالعه موردی: فناوری نانو در ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت تکنولوژی، گروه مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، واحد تهران‌جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 عضو هیئت علمی، دانشگاه مالک‌اشتر، تهران، ایران. استاد مدعو، گروه مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران جنوب، ایران.

3 عضو هیئت علمی گروه مدیریت صنعتی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

فناوری‌های نوظهور، عرصه‌ای بکر برای جهش علمی و اقتصادی بوده و به­ سبب ویژگی‌های آن، نیازمند همکاری با مجموعه‌های داخلی و خارجی است. یکی از راهکارهای مناسب جهت اکتساب این نوع فناوری‌ها، استفاده از رویکرد تحقیق و توسعه باز بوده که لازمه اثربخشی و کارایی این روش، شناسایی چالش‌های اجرایی و مدیریت قبل از وقوع و داشتن سناریو مقابله با آن است. پژوهش حاضر باهدف شناسایی و وزن‌دهی چالش‌های فراروی رویکرد تحقیق و توسعه باز جهت اکتساب فناوری نوظهور حوزه نانو در ایران انجام شده است. با استفاده از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای 29 چالش از منابع داخلی و خارجی استخراج شد که در طی سه مرحله نظرسنجی خبرگان حوزه نانو که با روش دلفی فازی انجام گرفت، 25 چالش در سه مقوله (داخلی، خارجی، تلفیقی) انتخاب و با روش آنتروپی شانون وزن‌دهی شدند. جهت صحت ­سنجی چالش‌ها، مقایسه‌ای با شش پژوهش مرتبط انجام و راهکارهای بهبود پیشنهاد شد. یافته‌ها نمایان‌گر پُر­اهمیت­ بودن چالش «عدم حفاظت از مالکیت فکری» و شناسایی چهار چالش «حفظ تعادل بین همکاری تحقیق و توسعه داخلی و خارجی»، «ناتوانی در کنترل»، «عدم همگرایی تحقیقات» و «ناهمسویی راهبرد» است که کمتر پژوهشی به آنها پرداخته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying and Weighting Open R&D Challenges in the Field of Emerging Technologies (Case study: Nanotechnology)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sima Asadi 1
  • Manouchehr Manteghi 2
  • Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, South Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Faculty Member, Faculty of Management and Industrial Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, South Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Faculty Member, Faculty of Management and Economic, Science And Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Emerging technologies are drivers for scientific and economic leaps. Due to their characteristics, their development requires cooperation with domestic and foreign research networks. One of the appropriate strategies for acquiring this type of technology is to use an open R&D approach. Identifying executive and management challenges beforehand is a requirement for the effectiveness and efficiency of this method. This paper aims to identify and weigh the challenges of an open R&D approach for the acquisition of emerging nanotechnology technology in Iran. After performing library studies, 29 challenges were extracted from internal and external sources. During the three staged surveys conducted by the fuzzy Delphi method, 25 challenges were selected in three categories (internal, external, integrated) and by weighed Shannon entropy method, a comparison study was made with six related studies. Finally, some strategies were advised. Findings indicate the importance of the challenge of "lack of protection of intellectual property" and the identification of four challenges of "maintaining a balance between R&D cooperation, internal and external, inability to control, lack of convergence of research, strategy inconsistency" that less research has addressed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • open Innovation
  • R&D cooperation
  • innovation network
  • innovation ecosystem

مراجع

Ahmad, R., Virgiyanti, W., Mahmod, M., Habbal, A. & Chit, S. C. (2017). Crowdsourcing for ideas: A review of motivational factors and challenges in open innovation communities. Pertanik  Journal of Science & Technology, 25(S), 69–78. http://repo.uum.edu.my/26395
Ansari, M. S. A. (2013). Open and closed R&D processes: Internal versus external knowledge. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(1), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n1p1
Ansari, R., & Tabatabaeian, H. (2010). Critical challenges of  policy-making for emerging technologies in Iran; Nano-technology as a case [In Persian]. Roshd-e-Fanavari, 6(22), 2-10. http://www.roshdefanavari.ir/Article/20140
Alizade, H., & Tabatabaiean, H. (2015). An innovation survey framework in nanotechnology: Iran's nanotechnology as case study [In Persian]. Public Policy, 1(2), 89-105.  https://doi.org/10.22059/ppolicy.2015.57161
Asadifard, R., & Khaledi, A. (2019). Challenges of asymmetric technological collaboration between large companies and nanotechnology startups [In Persian]. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 12(3), 15-30. https://jstp.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13733.html
 Azar, A., & Faraji, H. (2002). Fuzzy management science. Iran Study and Productivity Center. Jame'e Publications.
Azar, A. (2001). Development of shannon entropy method for data processing in content analysis. Journal of Humanities of Al-Zahra University, 11(37-38), 1-18. http://ensani.ir/fa/article/264496
Bagheri, A., & Bushehri, A. (2013). Modeling factors affecting technological collaboration achievements: A case Study of technological collaboration in the field of nanotechnology in Iran [In Persian]. Innovation Management Journal, 2(1), 113-140. http://www.nowavari.ir/article_14630.html
Berchicci, L. (2013). Towards an open R&D system: Internal R&D investment, external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance. Research Policy, 42(1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.04.017
Bergerson, J. A., Brandt, A., Cresko, J., Carbajales-Dale, M., MacLean, H. L., Matthews, H. S., McCoy, S., McManus, M., Miller, S. A., Morrow, W. R., Posen, D., Seager, T., Skone, T., & Sleep, S.  (2019). Life cycle assessment of emerging technologies: Evaluation techniques at different stages of market and technical maturity. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 24(1), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12954
Beumer, K., & Bhattacharya, S. (2013). Emerging technologies in India: Developments, debates and silences about nanotechnology. Science and Public Policy. 40(5), 628–643. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/sct016
Boyack K. W., Klavans R., Small, H., & Ungar, L. (2014). Characterizing the emergence of two nanotechnology topics using a contemporaneous global micromodel of science.  Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,  32, 147-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2013.07.001
Bruneel, J., D'Este, P., & Salter, A. (2010). Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to university-industry collaboration. Research Policy, 39(7), 858-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.03.006
Chang, P. T., Huang, L. C., & Lin, H. J. (2000). The fuzzy delphi via fuzzy statistics and membership function fitting and an application to the human resources. Fuzzy; Sets and Systems, 112(3), 511-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0114(98)00067-0
Cheng, C. C. J., & Shiu, E. C. (2015). The inconvenient truth of the relationship between open innovation activities and innovation performance. Management Decision, 53(3), 625-647. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2014-0163
Chesbrough, H., & Crowther, A. K.(2006). Beyond high-tech: Early adopters of open innovation in other industries. R&D Management. 36(3), 229–236.  https://doi.org /10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00428.x
Chesbrough, H. & Schwartz, K. (2007). Innovating business models with co-development partnerships. Research-Technology Management, 50(1), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2007.11657419
Chesbrough, H., & Brunswicker, S. (2013). Managing open innovation in large firms. Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation at California University, Berkeley in US & Fraunhofer Society in Germany. http://www.iot.ntnu.no/innovation/norsi-pims-courses/chesbrough/Managing%20open%20innovation%20survey%20report.pdf
Cheng, C.H., & Lin, Y. (2002). Evaluating the best main battle tank using fuzzy decision theory with linguistic criteria evaluation. European journal of operational research, 142(1), 174-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00280-6.
Dahlander, L., & Gann, D. M. (2010). How open is innovation?. Research policy. 39(6), 699-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.01.013
Dehghani, A., & Hosseini, H. (2017). Executive obstacles and challenges in the process of technological collaborations (Case study: Nanotechnology) [In Persian]. Quarterly journal of Industrial Technology Development, 15(30), 59-64. http://jtd.iranjournals.ir/article_25605.html
Delavar, A., Mohammadi, M., Salami, S., & Manteghi, M. (2012). The process of commercialization of the products with advanced technology _ A case study of civil airplanes. Journal of Management Improvement, 6(1), 81-104. http://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42783.html?lang=en
Enkel, E., Gassmann, O., & Chesbrough, H. (2009). Open R&D and open innovation: Exploring the phenomenon. R&D Management, 39(4), 311-316. https://doi.org/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00570.x
Enayati, E. (2013). Nanotechnology Development Perspective: A National Nanotechnology Pioneer in Ten Years [In Persian]. Nanotechnology Monthly, 194, 32. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1223532
Emadoddin, S., Ariankia, M., & Baddast, B. (2019). Analyzing and ranking the levels of urban areas based on urban environment instability indicators and elements using the integrated model of SAW and Shannon entropy (Case study: cities of Alborz province) [In Persian]. Geographical Planning of Space, 9(32), 249-262. https://doi.org/ 10.30488/gps.2019.91909
Fadel, T. R., Steevens, J. A., Treye T. A., & Linkov I. (2015). The challenges of nanotechnology risk management. Nanotoday, 10(1), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2014.09.008
Felin, T., & Zenger, T.R. (2013). Closed or open innovation? Problem solving and the governance choice. Research Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.09.006
Forghani, A., Ansari, R .(2007). Investigation of nano technology development and its managerial challenges in Iran [In Persian]. Roshd-e-Fanavari, 11(3), 1-10.  http://roshdefanavari.ir/en/Article/139306151417421863
Fernández-Olmos, M., & Ramírez-Alesón, M. (2017). How internal and external factors influence the dynamics of SME technology collaboration networks over time. Technovation, 64, 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2017.06.002
Hajmalek, M., & Tavakoli, A. (2016). Assessing the level of security in e-commerce using Shannon entropy and Dempster Schaefer (DS) theory [In Persian]. Information Technology Management, 8(1), 77-100. https://doi.org/10.22059/jitm.2016.55715
Kang, B. –J., & Oh, D. –S.  (2012). The Emerging trend of technological convergence and tasks for science park. World Technopolis Review, 1(1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.7165/wtr2012.1.1.16
Kayyal, K., & Albadvi, A. (2021). Implement an open innovation approach in innovation development challenges, considerations and Solutions; The banking and payment industries case study [In Persian]. Management Research in Iran, 23(2), 200-225. https://mri.modares.ac.ir/article_500.html
Khamseh, A., Goodarzi, M., & Asghari, M. (2019). Identifying key factors for success in R&D collaborations with an approach to the future in the MAPNA Group supply chain [In Persian]. Future study Management, 30(118), 81-92. https://jmfr.srbiau.ac.ir/article_15294.html?
Kylliainon, J. (2018, October 19). Open innovation challenges – How to overcome the most common ones?. Viima. https://www.viima.com/blog/open-innovation-challenges
Madhushi, M.,  Kiakjuri, K. (2017). Identifying barriers to open innovation in the university [In Persian]. Journal of Marine Science Education, 4(4), 1-15.  http://rmt.iranjournals.ir/article_30289.html
Moazzez, H., Torabi Khargh, M., Nilforoushan, H., & Sahebkar Khorasani, S. M. (2018). Identifying and analyzing challenges of forming of the engineered collaboration network (A case study of collaboration network of Poyandeghan Rah Saadat) [In Persian]. Innovation Management Journal, 7(3), 85-112. http://www.nowavari.ir/article_88488.html
Moghadas Nodeh, M. (2019). An investigation of the challenges of industry-university cooperation: A case of Tehran’s Power Distribution Company [In Persian]. Innovation Management Journal, 8(1), 89-106. http://www.nowavari.ir/article_91154.html
Naghizadeh, M., Bamdadsoofi, J., & Mirafshar, M. (2014). Identifying and prioritizing risks of technology collaboration projects (Biotechnology) [In Persian]. Journal of Technology Development Management, 2(4), 9-33. https://doi.org/10.22104/jtdm.2014.214
Oh, D. S., Phillips, F., Park, S., & Lee, E. (2016). Innovation ecosystems: A critical examination. Technovation ,54, 1-6. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.technovation.2016.02.004
Pokrajac, L., Abbas, A., Chrzanowski, W., Dias, M.G., Eggleton, B. J., Maguire, S., Maine, E., Malloy, T., Nathwani, J., Nazar, L., Sips, A., Sone, J., van den Berg, A., Weiss, P. S., & Mitra, S. (2021). Nanotechnology for a sustainable future: Addressing global challenges with the International Network4Sustainable Nanotechnology. ACS Nano, 15(12), 18608−18623. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c10919
Porter, A. L., & Newman, N. C. (2011). Mining external R&D. Technovation, 31(4), 171-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2011.01.001 
Rabelo, R. J., & Bernus, P. (2015). A holistic model of building innovation ecosystems. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(3), 2250-2257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.423
Rajalo, S., & Vadi, M. (2017). University-industry innovation collaboration: Reconceptualization. Technovation, 62-63, 42-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2017.04.003
Rotolo, D., Hicks, D., & Martin, B. R. (2016). What is an emerging technology?. Research Policy. 44(10), 1827–1843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.06.006
Saadabadi, A. A., Eftekhari, H., & Zulfiqarzadeh Kermani, M. M. (2016). Identifying the challenges and success solutions of research and development (Case study: Iran Telecommunication Research Center) [In Persian]. journal of Industrial Technology Development, 14(28), 73-86. http://jtd.iranjournals.ir/article_21160.html
Safdari, M., Tavakoli, G. R., Manteghi, M., & Tabaian, S. K. (2015). Challenges in front of defense industries in transition to open innovation paradigm  [In Persian]. Journal of Management Improvement, 9(2), 55-75.http://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42875.html
Salter, A., Criscuolo, P., & Ter Wal, A. L. (2014). Coping with open innovation: Responding to the challenges of external engagement in R&D. California management review, 56(2), 77-94. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2014.56.2.77
Şimşek, K., & Yıldırım, N. (2016). Constraints to open innovation in science and technology parks. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 719-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.073
Soltanzadeh, J., & Manteghi, M. (2015). R&D collaboration: Why and how? [In Persian]. Bi- Quarterly journal of Industrial Technology Development, 12(24), 15-24. http://jtd.iranjournals.ir/article_13643.html
Srinivasan, R. (2008). Sources, characteristics and effects of emerging technologies: Research opportunities in innovation. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(6), 633–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2007.12.003
Tabatabayan, S. H., Nasiri, R., & Forghani, A. (2007). The Determining of the present challenges ahead of commercializing innovative technologies in Iran (nano-technology in particular) [In Persian]. Journal of Industrial Technology Development, 5(11), 53-62. http://jtd.iranjournals.ir/article_938.html
Tabatabayan, S. H., Ghaderifa, E., Elyasi, M., & Bamdadsoufi, J. (2019). The emerging knowledge base business technology commerce pattern [In Persian]. Journal of Innovation and Value Creation. 13(7), 25-39. http://journalie.ir/fa/Article/770
Taleghani, M., & Mehdi Zadeh, M. (2016). Identification and classification of obstacles to approved research and development activities in public [In Persian]. Journal of Development & Evolution Mnagement, 8(25), 37-50. https://jdem.qazvin.iau.ir/article_512.html
Trujillo, I. M., Jiménez, E. G., & Ospina, M. B. (2016). Opportunities for joint cooperation in R&D for FEALAC countries: On nanotechnology and biotechnology.  STI Policy Review, 7(2), 106-131. https://doi.org/10.22675/STIPR.2016.7.2.106
Y‌a‌z‌di ‌Mo‌g‌h‌a‌d‌d‌a‌m, J., S‌a‌l‌e‌h O‌w‌l‌i‌a, M., & B‌a‌n‌d‌a‌r‌i‌a‌n, R. (2019). Identifying and prioritizing technology  commercialization success factors using fuzzy delphi and analytic network process [In Persian]. Sharif Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management, 34.1(2.2), 89-106. https://doi.org/10.24200/j65.2018.20097
Youtie, J., Kay, L. (2014). Acquiring nanotechnology capabilities: role of mergers and acquisitions. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 26(5), 547–563. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2013.872773
Zouelm, A. (2005). Reflections on the concept of "Challenge" in Iranian socio-cultural literature [In Persian]. Zamaneh Magazine, 4(36), 6.
فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه فناوری
دوره 10، شماره 2
ویژه نامه نوآوری باز
شهریور 1401
صفحه 9-50

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 تیر 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار