Industry 4.0, recognized as the fourth industrial revolution, employs technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing to fundamentally transform the design, management, and control of supply chains. These advancements are particularly critical for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which often operate under resource constraints and face intense competitive pressures. This study examines the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on the supply chain performance of SMEs located in Yazd Industrial Estate, with a specific focus on the mediating roles of supply chain resilience and agility. The research is applied in nature and adopts a descriptive-correlational design with a survey-based approach. The statistical population consists of 230 managers and employees of SMEs in Yazd Industrial Estate, selected through convenience sampling. Based on the structural equation modeling technique and the formula 15q< n < 5q (where q denotes the number of questionnaire items), a sample size of 142 was determined, of which 116 valid responses were analyzed. The findings indicate that Industry 4.0 has a positive and significant impact on supply chain performance. The results also confirm the mediating role of resilience and agility in the relationship between Industry 4.0 and supply chain outcomes.