عوامل مؤثر بر ناکامی فرارسی فناورانه در زنجیره ارزش فولاد ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، دانشگاه مازندران

2 عضو هیئت علمی، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر.

3 عضو هیئت علمی، دانشگاه مالک اشتر، تهران.

4 مدیر پژوهش، مرکز هوشمندی و رصدخانه فناوری و نوآوری صنایع معدنی، تهران.

چکیده

در این پژوهش، با تحلیل و بررسی وضعیت فناورانه موجود صنعت فولاد ایران، به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر ناکامی فرارسی فناورانه در زنجیره ارزش فولاد ایران پرداخته و راهکارهای سیاستی مناسب­ به­ منظور توسعه این صنعت ارائه شده است. به این منظور، از روش تحقیق کیفی استفاده شده است. جمع ­آوری داده ­ها از طریق مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با 21 نفر از خبرگان صنعت فولاد ایران و روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام شد. سپس، مهم‌ترین و مؤثرترین عوامل در گروه کانونی برگزار­شده با 5 تن از خبرگان فولاد ایران انتخاب، مورد بحث‌و بررسی قرار گرفت و راهکارهای سیاستی ارائه گردید. یافته ­ها نشان دادند که مهم‌ترین عوامل ایجادکننده شکاف فناوری شامل 5 عامل اصلی و 16 زیرعامل در سه سطح تحلیل ملی، بخشی و بنگاهی می­باشند. مهم‌ترین زیرعامل­ ها با نظر گروه کانونی، ضعف در تحقیق و توسعه، محدودیت­های بین ­المللی، بوروکراسی­ های پیچیده و زمان ­بر در دریافت حمایت­ها، ضعف تعامل سازنده میان بازیگران، تسلط برخی نهادها و واحدها بر زنجیره فولاد به‌منظور ارائه پیشنهادها انتخاب شدند. از مهم‌ترین پیشنهادهای مطرح ­شده به ­منظور غلبه بر عوامل مؤثر بر شکست فرارسی در این صنعت، می‌توان به سرمایه‌گذاری بر روی فناوری‌های پایدار با قیمت ­گذاری مناسب بر انرژی، تامین و هماهنگ ­سازی و مدیریت منابع به­ منظور حذف انحصارگری برخی نهادهای تامین­ کننده و ارتقای رابطه تامین ­کننده–تولیدکننده، ایجاد نهاد متولی و واسطه و ایجاد مراکز تربیت نیروی ماهر با دانش فناورانه و تزریق در بخش­ های مختلف صنعت و همچنین بهره ­گیری از ایرانیان تحصیل­ کرده در خارج اشاره کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors Affecting Technological catch-up failure in Iran’s Steel Value Chain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soma Rahmani 1
  • Mohsen AlizadehSani 2
  • Manouchehr Manteghi 3
  • Hooman Farzami 4
1 Ph.D. of Science and Technology Policy Making, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.
2 .Faculty Member, Faculty of Business Management, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.
3 Faculty Member, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
4 Research Director, Center for Technology & Innovation intelligence for Mining Industries, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study aims to analyze the current technological status of the steel industry in Iran. It studies the factors affecting the failure of technological catch-up in the steel value chain and provides appropriate policy solutions for the development of this industry. To attain this aim, the paper chose the qualitative methodological strategy. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 experts in Iran’s steel industry and then, a qualitative content analysis method was applied to analyze the interviews. Then, the most important and effective factors were determined by mobilizing a focus group consisting of 5 Iranian steel experts. The findings show that the most important barriers to successful catching up, divided at three levels of national, sectoral, and enterprise analysis. The most important factors, according to the focus group, are weakness in research and development, international constraints, complex and time-consuming bureaucracies in receiving support, the weak constructive interaction between actors and finally, the dominance of some unauthorized institutions in the steel value chain.
Finally, the focus group recommended some policy solutions of which the most important ones include 1. To invest in the development of sustainable technologies with appropriate pricing on energy, 2. To supply, coordinate, and manage the resource to eliminate the monopoly of some suppliers and to improve the supply relationship and promotion of supplier-producer, 3. To establish intermediary institutions and the centers to train skilled workers with technological knowledge and injection into various sectors of industry, and 4. To use of Iranians educated abroad in related fields and specialties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Technological catch-up
  • Technological capability
  • Technological learning
  • Steel value chain

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مدیریت توسعه فناوری
دوره 9، شماره 2
(ویژه نامه فرارسی فناورانه)
شهریور 1400
صفحه 163-196

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 اسفند 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 13 مرداد 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 مرداد 1400

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